Context: During the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD), the Prime Minister referred to the Indian diaspora as “global ambassadors.” He commended them for integrating into local communities, supporting societal development, and playing a significant role in India’s advancement.
| Why do celebrate Pravasi Bharatiya Divas? The event commemorates Mahatma Gandhi’s return to India in 1915, acknowledges the achievements of Indians residing overseas, reinforces their connection to India, and celebrates their contributions to the country’s development and influence on the global stage. |
What are the challenges faced by Indians abroad?
- Rising Visa Restrictions: Countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have enforced stricter immigration policies, particularly affecting skilled Indian workers. For instance, during Donald Trump’s presidency, uncertainty around H-1B visas caused significant anxiety among Indian professionals hoping to secure employment in the U.S. This has led to a perception that Indian workers are unfairly viewed as competitors for local jobs.
- Global Conflicts: Many Indians are employed in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, where job security is often jeopardized by fluctuating oil prices and shifting labor laws. For example, “Saudisation” policies in Saudi Arabia have led to the return of many Indian workers, causing economic challenges. Furthermore, ongoing conflicts in countries like Iraq and Syria present risks to the safety of Indians residing and working there.
- Political Vulnerability: Recent actions by the Indian government to revoke Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cards from individuals critical of its policies have instilled fear within the diaspora. This has raised concerns about freedom of speech and political rights for those living abroad, making many feel exposed and uncertain.
What role does the Indian diaspora play in India’s global influence?
- Economic Contributions: The Indian diaspora plays an essential role in India’s economy by sending significant remittances, which amounted to around $108 billion in 2022. These funds are vital for poverty alleviation and ensuring economic stability in India. Example: Remittances from the UAE.
- Political Influence: Numerous individuals of Indian origin hold key political roles in various countries, boosting India’s political influence on international platforms like the United Nations. Example: Kamala Harris.
- Cultural Diplomacy: The diaspora serves as cultural ambassadors, spreading Indian traditions, values, and soft power globally through initiatives such as yoga, Bollywood films, and cultural festivals. Example: International Day of Yoga.
- Networking Opportunities: The diaspora acts as a bridge between India and other nations, promoting trade relations and foreign direct investment (FDI), thus strengthening India’s global economic position.
| What are the steps taken by the government? Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs: Established in 2004, this ministry was created to address the specific challenges faced by the Indian diaspora. In 2016, it was merged with the Ministry of External Affairs to improve coordination and strengthen engagement with the diaspora. Pravasi Bharatiya Divas: Held annually since 2003, this event celebrates the contributions of the Indian diaspora to India’s development and fosters a sense of connection between Indians abroad and their home country. Know India Programme (KIP): This initiative aims to introduce young people of Indian origin to modern-day India through a three-week orientation program. It offers exposure to various aspects of Indian culture, economy, and society. Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY): This scheme was launched to enhance the skills of Indian workers planning to work abroad, offering training in the laws, language, and culture of their destination countries. Scholarship Programme for Diaspora Children (SPDC): This program provides scholarships to Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) and Non-Resident Indian (NRI) students pursuing undergraduate studies in India. Proxy Voting for NRIs: The Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill 2017 allows Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) to vote in elections through proxy voting, increasing their involvement in India’s democratic processes. |
Way forward
- Inclusive Policies: The Indian government should implement inclusive and unbiased policies that create a sense of belonging for all members of the diaspora, irrespective of their political affiliations.
- Addressing Concerns: Actively addressing challenges such as visa restrictions and safety issues in conflict zones can build trust and foster stronger cooperation between the diaspora and the Indian government.
- Leveraging Expertise: India can better engage its diaspora by tapping into their expertise across various sectors, promoting knowledge transfer, encouraging investment in startups, and facilitating collaboration on technological innovations.
- Cultural Exchange Programs: Supporting cultural initiatives that showcase Indian heritage can strengthen the bond between India and its diaspora, helping to nurture a shared sense of identity and community.
